Spine Surgery

Spine surgery is a medical procedure performed to correct problems related to the spinal column. The spine is a complex structure made up of vertebrae, discs, nerves, and supporting muscles that work together to support the body and enable movement. When any of these components become damaged or diseased—due to injury, age-related degeneration, deformity, or illness—it can result in significant pain, limited mobility, or even nerve damage. Spine surgery becomes necessary when non-surgical treatments such as medication, physical therapy, or injections fail to relieve symptoms.

There are many types of spine surgeries, and the choice of procedure depends on the specific condition being treated. Common spine problems that may require surgery include herniated discs, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disease, and spinal fractures. Surgical intervention may also be required in cases of spinal tumors or infections.

One of the most frequently performed spine surgeries is discectomy, which involves removing the portion of a herniated disc that is pressing on a nerve. Another common procedure is laminectomy, in which part of the vertebra called the lamina is removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, often due to spinal stenosis. Spinal fusion is another major surgical technique, where two or more vertebrae are permanently joined together to eliminate painful motion caused by conditions such as instability or degenerative disc disease. In cases of spinal deformities such as scoliosis, corrective spinal surgery may be done to realign the spine.